, Chapitre 5

, Cas d'étude : évaluation de performance sur le périmètre NExTEO

, Le système NExTEO constitue une des premières applications du système CBTC à une ligne ferroviaire (non métro) dans le monde. Le système CBTC NExTEO doit équiper le tronçon central de la ligne suburbaine Eole (actuel RER E) Ce tronçon central

, Les simulations ont été réalisées sous Python 3.6. La machine utilisée a les caractéristiques suivantes : Processeur Intel® Core? i7-6820HQ CPU, 2.70GHz

, Système d'exploitation 64 bits

, Système simulé 5

, Topologie

, Le périmètre considéré dans les travaux de thèse correspond à la zone couverte par le système CBTC (environ 16 km), s'étendant de Nanterre-la-Folie à Rosa Parks

R. Acuna-agost, «Mathematical modeling and methods for rescheduling trains under disrupted operations, Thèse de doctorat, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-01929-6_24

I. Alaya, Optimisation multi-objectifs par colonies de fourmis : cas des problèmes de sac à dos, Thèse de doctorat, 2009.

T. Albrecht, R. Goverde, V. A. Weeda, and E. J. Van-luipen, «Reconstruction of train trajectories from track occupation data to determine the effects of a Driver Information System.» Computers in Railways X. The Tenth International Conference, 2006.

E. Andersson, A. Peterson, and J. T. Krasemann, «Improved Railway Timetable Robustness for Reduced Traffic Delays ? a MILP approach, 6th International Conference on Railway Operations Modelling and Analysis, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2013.12.002
URL : http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:717992/FULLTEXT02

T. Bäck, F. Hoffmeister, and H. P. Schewefel, Applications of evolutionary algorithms, Report of the System Analysis Research Group, 1993.

E. Bailly, Etude de la régulation des lignes de métro automatiques : approche par la logique floue, Thèse de doctorat, 1996.

F. Balbo, ESAC : un Modèle d'Interaction Multi-Agent Utilisant l'Environnement comme Support Actif de Communication. Application à la Gestion des Transports Urbains, Thèse de doctorat, 2000.

M. Brenna, F. Foiadelli, M. Longo, D. Zaninelli, P. Bellini et al., «Increasing of Subway Lines Capability through Moving Block Signaling Systems: Modeling and Simulation.» AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT), 2016.

G. Caimi and . Curzio, Algorithmic decision support for train scheduling in a large and highly utilised railway network, Thèse de doctorat, 2009.

M. Chabrol and D. Sarramia, «Modélisation orientée objets et multi-agents du système d'information des systèmes de trafic urbain.» Revue des sciences et technologies de l'information, pp.121-150, 2001.

B. Chen and H. Cheng, A Review of the Applications of Agent Technology in Traffic and Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol.11, issue.2, pp.485-497, 2010.
DOI : 10.1109/TITS.2010.2048313

R. Chevrier, An evolutionary multi-objective approach for speed tuning optimization with energy saving in railway management, 13th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2010.
DOI : 10.1109/ITSC.2010.5625026
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00465116

Y. Colette and P. Siarry, , 2011.

F. Corman, Real-time Railway Traffic Management: dispatching in complex, large and busy railway networks, Thèse de doctorat, 2010.

T. H. Cormen, E. Charles, R. L. Leiserson, C. Rivest, and . Stein, Introduction to algorithms, 2001.

D. Ariano and A. , Improving Real-Time Train Dispatching: Models, Algorithms and Applications, Thèse de doctorat, 2008.

D. Andrea, P. D. Ariano, M. Samà, and D. Pacciarelli, Real-time train scheduling: from theory to practice, 2013.

D. Schutter, . Bart, . Et-ton-van-den, and . Boom, Connection and speed control in railway systems - a model predictive control approach, Sixth International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, 2002. Proceedings., 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/WODES.2002.1167668

, for railway networks.» Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, 2001.

D. Deau, , 2015.

Y. Ding, Y. Bai, F. Zhou, and H. Liu, Simulation algorithm for multi-train movement with fixed automatic-block system, 6th Advanced Forum on Transportation of China (AFTC 2010), 2010.
DOI : 10.1049/cp.2010.1131

M. Dorigo, D. Et-gianni, and . Caro, «The ant colony optimization meta-heuristic.» Dans New ideas in optimization, pp.11-32, 1999.

K. Dresner and P. Stone, Multiagent traffic management, Proceedings of the fourth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems , AAMAS '05, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/1082473.1082545

F. Elleuch, S. Donnet, A. Buendia, and C. Tijus, «Comment maîtriser le temps d'arrêt d'un train en gare?» Revue générale des chemins de fer, pp.23-34, 2017.

E. «ertms, ETCS Functional Requirements Specification.» European Union Agency for Railways, 2016.

, Overview of priority rules in operation, Europe Rail Net RNE, 2012.

B. Fan, Railway traffic rescheduling approaches to minimise delays in disturbed conditions, Thèse de doctorat, 2012.

F. Chaar and . Besma, Régulation des réseaux de transport multimodal: systèmes multiagents et algorithmes évolutionnistes, Thèse de doctorat, 2003.

F. Cardador, F. C. Antonio, A. Garcia, and . Garcia, «SIRO: an optimal regulation system in an integrated control centre for metro lines, Proceedings of the 5th COMPRAIL Conference, pp.299-308, 1996.

. Fernández-rodríguez, A. F. Adrián, A. P. Cardador, M. Cucala, T. Domínguez et al., Design of Robust and Energy-Efficient ATO Speed Profiles of Metropolitan Lines Considering Train Load Variations and Delays, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol.16, issue.4, pp.2061-2071, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/TITS.2015.2391831

C. Fonseca and P. Fleming, An Overview of Evolutionary Algorithms in Multiobjective Optimization, Evolutionary Computation, vol.3, issue.1, 1995.
DOI : 10.1162/evco.1994.2.3.221

P. Fouilhoux, «Optimisation Combinatoire : Programmation Linéaire et Algorithmes.» Université Pierre et Marie Curie

M. Fushsberger, Algorithms for railway traffic management in complex central station areas, Thèse de doctorat, ETH Zurich, 2012.

L. Gély, Modélisation et optimisation de la gestion opérationnelle des circulations en cas d'aléas, Thèse de doctorat, 2011.

N. Ghaemi and R. Goverde, et Oded Cats. «Railway disruption timetable: Short-turnings in case of complete blockage, IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation (ICIRT), 2016.

A. Giua and C. Seatzu, Modeling and Supervisory Control of Railway Networks Using Petri Nets, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, vol.5, issue.3, pp.431-445, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/TASE.2008.916925

I. Hansen and . Arne, , 2008.

J. Hao, P. Galinier, and M. Habib, «Méthaheuristiques pour l'optimisation combinatoire et l'affectation sous contraintes.» Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle, pp.283-324, 1999.

X. Hei, K. Zhao, W. Ma, G. Xie, and L. Wang, A real-time model of railway interlocking system based on UML extension mechanism, 2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science
DOI : 10.1109/ICSESS.2013.6615247

C. Beijing, , 2013.

T. K. Ho and T. H. Yeung, Railway junction traffic control by heuristic methods, IEE Proceedings -Electric Power Applications, pp.77-84, 2001.
DOI : 10.1049/ip-epa:20010028
URL : http://hdl.handle.net/10397/20288

, IEC 62290-1. «Railway applications -Urban guided transport management and command/control systems -Part 1: System principles and fundamental concepts, IEC, pp.16-18, 2006.

, 1. IEEE Standard for Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) Performance and Functional Requirements, IEEE Standard, 1474.

S. Iqbal, H. Muhammad-zeeshan, J. T. Grahn, and . Krasemann, «Multi- Strategy Based Train Re-Scheduling During Railway Traffic Disturbances, Proceedings of 5th International Seminar on Railway Operations Modelling and Analysis, 2013.

K. Jones, «Comparison of Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimisation, International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies CompSysTech'2005, 2005.

B. Kersbergen, T. Van-den-boom, . Et-bart-de, and . Schutter, Distributed model predictive control for rescheduling of railway traffic, 17th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/ITSC.2014.6958127

J. Lalouette, R. Caron, F. Scherb, N. Brinzei, J. Aubry et al., «Evaluation des performances du système de signalisation ferroviaire européen superpose au système français, en présence de défaillances.» 17e Congrès de Maîtrise des Risques et de Sûreté de Fonctionnement, 2010.

S. Li, B. D. Schutter, L. Yang, and Z. Gao, Robust Model Predictive Control for Train Regulation in Underground Railway Transportation, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol.24, issue.3, pp.1075-1083, 2016.
DOI : 10.1109/TCST.2015.2480839

R. T. Marler, J. S. Et, and . Arora, «Survey of multi-objective optimization methods for engineering.» Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, pp.369-395, 2004.

A. Mascis, D. Pacciarelli, and M. Pranzo, «Scheduling models for short-term railway traffic optimisation.» Computer-aided Systems in Public Transport, pp.71-90, 2008.

A. Mascis and D. Pacciarelli, Job-shop scheduling with blocking and no-wait constraints, European Journal of Operational Research, vol.143, issue.3, pp.498-517, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00338-1

. Ning, J. Bin, S. Xun, L. Gao, and . Zhang, An Integrated Control Model for Headway Regulation and Energy Saving in Urban Rail Transit, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol.16, issue.3, pp.1469-1478, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/TITS.2014.2366495

. Opentrack-railway,

P. Pellegrini, G. Marliere, and J. Rodriguez, «Real time railway trafic management modeling track-circuits.» ATMOS, 12th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems, 2012.

J. Pochet, S. Baro, and G. Sandou, «Automatic Train Supervision for a CBTC Suburban Railway Line Using Multi-Objective Optimization, IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2017.

. Yokohama, , 2017.

, «Supervision and rescheduling of a mixed CBTC traffic on a suburban railway line, IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation, 2016.

, Birmingham, 2016.

W. Reisig, Understanding Petri Nets, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-33278-4

R. Retiveau, La signalisation ferroviaire, 1987.

W. Schön, G. Laurraufie, G. Moëns, and J. Poré, Signalisation et automatisme ferroviaire, 2013.

V. Selvi, R. Et, and . Unmarani, Comparative Analysis of Ant Colony and Particle Swarm Optimization Techniques, International Journal of Computer Applications, vol.5, issue.4, 2010.
DOI : 10.5120/908-1286

. Sheu, W. Jih-wen, and . Lin, Energy-Saving Automatic Train Regulation Using Dual Heuristic Programming, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol.61, issue.4, pp.1503-1514, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/TVT.2012.2187225

W. Song, Real Time Dispatching Control In Transit Systems, Thèse de doctorat, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998.

R. Su, Q. Gu, and . Et-tao-wen, Optimization of High-Speed Train Control Strategy for Traction Energy Saving Using an Improved Genetic Algorithm, Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol.12, issue.12, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/9.867018
URL : http://doi.org/10.1155/2014/507308

J. Törnquist, «Computer-based decision support for railway traffic scheduling and dispatching : A review of models and algorithms.» ATMOS2005, 5th Workshop on Algorithmic Methods and Models for Optimization of Railways, 2005.

J. Törnquist and J. Persson, N-tracked railway traffic re-scheduling during disturbances, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, vol.41, issue.3, pp.342-362, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.trb.2006.06.001

, ?. «Train Traffic Deviation Handling Using Tabu Search and Simulated Annealing.» Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS '05), 2005.

V. Van-breusegem, G. Campion, and E. G. Bastin, Traffic modeling and state feedback control for metro lines, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.36, issue.7, pp.770-784, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/9.85057

P. Verchère and . Marie, «Les principes d'exploitation du réseau ferré dans les zones dense d'Île-de-France.» Revue Générale des Chemins de Fer, pp.15-24, 2014.

A. Verma and K. K. Pattanaik, Multi-Agent Communication Based Train Control System for Indian Railways: The Structural Design, Journal of Software, vol.10, issue.3, pp.272-286, 2015.
DOI : 10.17706/jsw.10.3.250-259

S. Wegele, R. Slovák, and E. Schnieder, «Automatic dispatching of train operations using a hybrid optimisation method, Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Railway Research, 2008.

W. Wenjun and F. Duowang, «Study on Multi-Agent Railway Signal Control System.» Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, 2011.

Y. Xu, X. Zhao, L. Wang, X. Liu, . Et-qiongyan et al., «Optimal Control of Automatic Train Operation Based on Multi-scale Dynamic Programming.» 33rd Chinese Control Conference (CCC), 2014.

Y. Yoon, W. Kim, and Y. Kim, «The assessment of interlocking control algorithm developed by Rhapsody, 8th World Congress on Railway Research, 2008.

S. Zidi, SARR : Système d'aide à la régulation et à la reconfiguration des réseaux de transport multimodal, Thèse de doctorat, 2007.